Find the passive voice in the article.

Sleep On It

How Snoozing Strengthens Memories

When you learn something new, the best way to remember it is to sleep on it. That’s because sleeping helps strengthen memories you’ve formed throughout the day. It also helps to link new memories to earlier ones. You might even come up with creative new ideas while you slumber.

What happens to memories in your brain while you sleep? And how does lack of sleep affect your ability to learn and remember? NIH-funded scientists have been gathering clues about the complex relationship between sleep and memory. Their findings might eventually lead to new approaches to help students learn or help older people hold onto memories as they age.

“We’ve learned that sleep before learning helps prepare your brain for the initial formation of memories,” says Dr. Matthew Walker, a sleep scientist at the University of California, Berkeley. “And then, sleep after learning is essential to help save and cement that new information into the architecture of the brain, meaning that you’re less likely to forget it.”

While you snooze, your brain cycles through different phases of sleep, including light sleep, deep sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when dreaming often occurs. The cycles repeat about every 90 minutes.

The non-REM stages of sleep seem to prime the brain for good learning the next day. If you haven’t slept, your ability to learn new things could drop by up to 40%. “You can’t pull an all-nighter and still learn effectively,” Walker says. Lack of sleep affects a part of the brain called the hippocampus, which is key for making new memories.

You accumulate many memories, moment by moment, while you’re awake. Most will be forgotten during the day. “When we first form memories, they’re in a very raw and fragile form,” says sleep expert Dr. Robert Stickgold of Harvard Medical School.

But when you doze off, “sleep seems to be a privileged time when the brain goes back through recent memories and decides both what to keep and what not to keep,” Stickgold explains. “During a night of sleep, some memories are strengthened.” Research has shown that memories of certain procedures, like playing a melody on a piano, can actually improve while you sleep.

Memories seem to become more stable in the brain during the deep stages of sleep. After that, REM—the most active stage of sleep—seems to play a role in linking together related memories, sometimes in unexpected ways. That’s why a full night of sleep may help with problem-solving. REM sleep also helps you process emotional memories, which can reduce the intensity of emotions.

It’s well known that sleep patterns tend to change as we age. Unfortunately, the deep memory-strengthening stages of sleep start to decline in our late 30s. A study by Walker and colleagues found that adults older than 60 had a 70% loss of deep sleep compared to young adults ages 18 to 25. Older adults had a harder time remembering things the next day, and memory impairment was linked to reductions in a deep sleep. The researchers are now exploring options for enhancing deep stages of sleep in this older age group.

“While we have limited medical treatments for memory impairment in aging, sleep actually is a potentially treatable target,” Walker says. “By restoring sleep, it might be possible to improve memory in older people.”

For younger people, especially students, Stickgold offers additional advice. “Realize that the sleep you get the night after you study is at least as important as the sleep you get the night before you study.” When it comes to sleep and memory, he says, “you get very little benefit from cutting corners.”

 Source: https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2013/04/sleep-it

Find the modal auxiliaries on the article.

Teenage Insecurities

Even the most confident and outspoken people have some things about themselves that they are not completely happy or satisfied with. It is completely natural to sometimes doubt the choices we have made, regret the things we have said, or want to improve ourselves in some area. In fact, fighting complacency is essential for making progress and reaching new heights. However, critical self-assessment is not the same as insecurity. Insecurity arises from the lack of confidence and feeds upon a weak character, whereas only those who are confident in themselves can impartially judge their own imperfections. It takes time to learn how to gain a footing in your life and comfortably grow into your own skin.

During teenage years insecurities are omnipresent and rife; in truth, overcoming self-doubt is a major part of growing up and maturing into adults. While insecurities do affect every teenager, they manifest themselves differently and with varying intensity, depending on a person’s strength of character and environment. Teenage years are challenging in many ways. It is the time of great changes in life, and with the changes come to pressure, worrying uncertainty, and fear. Under such circumstances, sometimes a seemingly small incident can escalate into a major anxiety, which may engender a potentially self-destructive coping mechanism.

Teens face pressure from a multitude of sources, not least themselves. Peer, parental, and societal pressure, compounded by hormonal changes, continuously cut the ground from under their feet and feed into their insecurities. Adolescence is the time when yesterday’s children start making their own decisions, search for the ways to express themselves, and benchmark their worth against one another. A previously solid bond between a parent and a child tends to weaken during this time and the relationship resembles a roller-coaster ride more than anything else. Facing challenges with a compromised support system, or without having someone to rely on, is a daunting task indeed.

Pinpointing specific causes of teenage insecurities oftentimes prove a difficult task for parents. Most teenagers don’t share or discuss their doubts with others—especially adults—which makes it hard to figure out what troubles them and how the situation can be remedied. That said, the causes of teenage insecurities are countless: being alone, rejected, not a part of the popular crew; having bad grades, not-good-enough-for-mom-and-dad grades, not-good-enough-for-college grades; making mistakes, failing to achieve something, and therefore, disappointing one’s friends, parents, teachers, or oneself; having the “wrong kind of” body, clothes, hobbies, entourage, and the list goes on.

According to Real Girls, Real Pressure: A National Report on the State of Self-Esteem, commissioned by the Dove Self-Esteem Fund, seven in ten girls believe they are not good enough or do not measure up in some way, including their looks, performance in school, and relationships with friends and family members. The researchers contend that these insecurities sprout from low self-esteem and those teenage girls with inadequate self-worth are more likely to engage in harmful coping behaviors. However, it is not just the girls who fall prey to insecurities—boys get affected just as much, according to the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, published in Psychology of Men & Masculinity journal. Just like their female counterparts, teenage boys excessively worry about their body image, which is a risk factor for elevated depressive symptoms among adolescent boys.

If not addressed, teenage insecurities may persist well into early adulthood. An alarming fact, considering the potential harmful effects of teenage insecurities and low self-confidence.  Trouble sleeping, aggression, withdrawal, clinical anxiety, and depression are among the issues that insecure teens struggle most with. When a struggle proves too much for them to handle, teens often adopt dangerous coping mechanisms, such as disorderly eating or substance abuse, which in reality only make things worse, and in extreme cases may even be lethal.

To ensure peace of mind and safety of their children during adolescence, parents need to take early preemptive action. Helping children build self-confidence and instill a sense of self-worth from a young age is fundamental for helping them fight their insecurities later in life. Still, teenage years are full of uncertainty and teens’ self-confidence can be easily swayed, so even most confident teens need parental reassurance from time to time. To help teenagers improve their self-esteem during adolescence, and also strengthen and maintain a positive relationship, parents should take advantage of the following few pieces of advice:

1.      Eliminate negativity from words and thoughts. Start with positive self-talk. It is very easy to get frustrated with people who don’t cooperate and lose your cool with them; easy but unproductive. To understand and support a struggling child, you need to help them open up to you about things that burden them. If you criticize your children for every petty detail, they will not share their concerns with you for the fear of being judged and censured. In order to sustain a positive dynamic between you two, you must maintain a positive outlook at all times, even when your child is not around.

2.      Foster open communication. If something is troubling your child, you should be the first person they would come to ask for help. You need to let your teenagers know that they can tell you anything, that you will listen and won’t judge, that you will try to understand the problem from their point of view, and that you will offer constructive feedback, reassurance, and advice instead of condescending “What kind of a problem is that?” “It’s your own fault!” or, “I told you so.”

3.      Identify the triggers. What causes your child’s anxiety, aggression, or reticence? Where do their fears come from? What makes you react one way or another in a course of a discussion or an argument with your teenager? Knowing their—and your—triggers is a powerful weapon for facilitating a conversation with your teen as well as removing them from the “danger zones,” thus reducing their stress levels.

4.      Ensure structure wherever possible. Structure gives teens that extra layer of comfort and support and instills a greater sense of stability in them. When going through an emotional turmoil, teens get easily overwhelmed by the simplest inconveniences or unforeseen circumstances. Structure brings certainty, it gives them something to rely on and count on when everything else seems to be in chaos.

5.      Help the teens work on their goals and strategies to achieve them. To fight uncertainty, you need to rely on your goals and progress benchmarks. Uncertainty can make you feel helpless and stuck in one place—often a bad one—in life. A sense of achievement is indispensable for building self-confidence in teens. Setting realistic goals, breaking those into smaller sub-goals, and measuring related progress can make a difference in your child’s attitude and outlook on the world.

Source: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/understand-other-people/201507/teenage-insecurities

Comeback Stage

Mark Lee: Hello, Yeri!

Yeri Kim: Oh, Mark??? Long time no see. How are you, Mark? (Present Tense)

Mark Lee: I’m good. How are you? (Present Tense)

Yeri Kim: As you can see, I’m fine. What are you doing here? (Present Tense)

Mark Lee: I’m waiting for Haechan is buying a drink. (Present Continuous Tense)

Yeri Kim: I thought you aren’t with anyone else.

Mark Lee: No, I’m with Haechan. I heard your comeback got the first win yesterday. Congratulations to you and Red Velvet member. (Past Tense)

Yeri Kim: Thank you, Mark! How do you know about that?

Mark Lee: Jaemin told me yesterday. He attended your comeback stage with Jeno. (Past Tense)

Yeri Kim: I was making up when they came to the backstage. How about your comeback next week? (Past Continuous Tense)

Mark Lee: I and all members are preparing for the best performance for the comeback stage next week. Will you come to my comeback stage? (Present Continuous Tense & Future Tense)

Yeri Kim: Of course, I will support NCT’s comeback. I will come with Joy and Seulgi. (Future Tense)

Mark Lee: Why Irene and Wendy do not come too?

Yeri Kim: Wendy has received an invitation wedding from her friend for next week and Irene is going to Paris Fashion Week next week too. (Present perfect tense & Future Tense)

Mark Lee: Have you ordered food or drink? (Present Perfect Tense)

Yeri Kim: I have ordered a cup of coffee with my manager. Where is Haechan? Why is he taking so long for ordering some drinks? (Present Perfect Tense)

Mark Lee: Maybe the order is waiting list haha.

Yeri Kim: So, will you waiting for Haechan in here until he finishes? Why you are not waiting inside a car?

Mark Lee: I didn’t come here by car. (Past Tense)

Yeri Kim: My manager has finished. I will go back to the dorm after this. (Present Perfect Tense & Future Tense)

Mark Lee: Oh okay, Yeri. Haechan has finished too. See you next week! (Present Perfect Tense)

Yeri Kim: See you, Mark! Fighting for your comeback!

Mark Lee: Thank you, Yeri!

Haechan: Yo, bro! This is your coffee.

Mark Lee: Thank you, bro! Why are you taking so long for this?

Haechan: I’m sorry, Mark! The order was very queued. (Past Tense)

Mark Lee: It’s okay, no problem. Let’s go to the dorm.

Haechan: Let’s goooo!

Mark Lee: Did you meet Yeri's manager?

Haechan: Yes, I did. Why? Anyway, what were you doing while you were waiting?  (Past Continuous Tense)

Mark Lee: Nothing. I was talking with Yeri while you were ordering some drinks. (Past Continuous Tense)

Haechan: CIEEEEEE!

No Bake Macaroni and Cheese 🧀

Hello, fellas! I’m Annisa Herawati from 1EA05 Department of Management — Gunadarma University. I had a task from my lecturer to make a video during quarantine at home, so I decided to make up some simple no bake macaroni and cheese.

Easy recipe yet delicious. 

Ingredients:

✨ 100 gr of elbow macaroni noodles 

✨ 4 ounces of cheddar cheese 

✨ 250 ml of milk

✨ 1 tsp of flour 

✨ 1 tsp of salted butter 

✨ a pepper

✨ a salt

Here is the link if you want to know how to make it

https://youtu.be/x4xA9ugYzQ0

Thank you!!

My Best Experience

The First Time I Saw My Idola

On 14-15 December 2019, there was a Transmedia birthday event.  Before the peak of the event, there were ticket sales and ticket giveaway events.  I joined the ticket giveaway for the second day. Many event sponsors held a giveaway, one of which was Nu Green Tea.  I joined the giveaway by buying 5 bottles of Nu Green Tea products, then I uploaded photos of the product and purchased receipt to Instagram.  I wished I can get a free ticket from the giveaway.  I could wait for the announcement of the giveaway.  Turns out, I didn't win a giveaway.  I felt disappointed and sad. I willed it. Perhaps it's not time for me to watch this program yet.

I excited about watching this program is that the guest star is my idol from k-pop.  On the first day there was NCT Dream and the second day there was EXO.  I'm not sure I could watch both, so I tried to get a ticket for the second day.  The reason is that I've been wanting to watch EXO performance for so long.

Till on 15 December, I still didn't get a ticket.  I invited my friend to come to the location of the event.  None of my friends can accompany me.  I disappointed, I thought I lost the chance to watch EXO.  But, I intended to get the free ticket.  Because the location is near my house, I decided to go there alone.  I permitted to my mom just to hang out.  On the location there is a quiz from the sponsor and who can answer will get a free VIP ticket.  I doubt I can answer the quiz correctly.  I texted my mom, to ask for prayer, hopefully, I get the free ticket.  After I texted my mom, it turns out I get the opportunity to answer quiz questions.  I came forward to answer that question.  Surprisingly my answer was correct and I got a free VIP ticket.  I felt so happy.  I felt grateful for being able to get that ticket.  The effort I did and the prayer I asked from my mom turned out to be realized

The crew called me to take care of the tickets.  I finished taking care of the ticket. I went to the stage of the event.  Luckily, I got a queue in front.  So, I'm really in front of the stage and could see the guest stars as well.  The event started at 7 pm. The program began with remarks from the Transmedia crew, local artists, until my idol's time, EXO.  I excited to see EXO in front of my eyes, so close, very clear.  I enjoyed the program.  Even though it was a bit chaotic when EXO started performing, but I felt so happy and grateful to be able to get the chance to watch EXO live.  That experience would never forget. It was so fun. If you have the intention, effort, and prayer you will be able to get what you want.

Notes:

Red: subject

Blue: verb 2

Green: object

Yellow: adverb

My Daily Activities

My Daily Activities

My alarm sounds at 5.10 am until 5.30 am. Sometimes, I wake up at 5.10 am, but if I still sleepy, I wake up at 5.30 am. After that, I always check my phone. I sit in my bed for 5 minutes. Then, I go to the bathroom to wash my face and take a ritual ablution. I pray fajr at 5.30 am. After pray, I go to the bathroom again to take a shower. I need 20 minutes to take a shower. Next, I choose outfits that I want to wear to go to campus. After that, I usually spend 20-30 minutes to use my morning skincare routine and makeup. I don’t forget to use perfume, so that my body smells good. Do I breakfast? Yes, I breakfast at 6.15 am. Then, I go to campus at 6.45 am or it depends on the schedule. I always go to campus 45 minutes before class start. 

On campus, I meet my classmates and my other friends. I talk about anything with my friends before my lecturer comes to my class. Then, I study around 2-3 hours. After the study, I pray Zuhr at 12.30 pm. After that, I buy some foods for lunch. I study again at 01.00 pm. After finish all schedules on that day, I go to home at 03.45 pm or it depends on the schedule. I need 30 minutes to arrive at home. I take a rest for 15 minutes. Then, I take a shower. I feel very fresh after taking a shower. I don’t forget to pray Ashar. So, I take a ritual ablution and I pray Ashar. I feel so hungry. I always go to the kitchen to check any food there. I play with my little sister until maghrib. 

Then, I pray maghrib at 6.20 pm. After that, I dinner with my family. After dinner, I do my homework or just read a book. After finish, I take my phone to chat with my friends on social media. Isha time comes. I wash my face and take a ritual ablution. Then, I pray Isha. After I pray, I use my night skincare routine for healthy skin. Before I sleep, I take my phone again to play the game or open social media. I usually sleep at midnight. So, it’s the end of my daily activities. How about your daily activities?

Notes:

Red = subject

Blue = verb 1

Green = object

Yellow = adverb

Manusia dan Kebudayaan: Puisi Budaya Indonesia

Nusantara Indonesia
Beribu pulau yang ada
Bepuluh-puluh provinsi pun juga
Daur-baur globalisasi merajalela
Tak lepas jua budayanya

Bali punya kecak
Betawi punya pencak
semua bak meninggalkan bercak-bercak
Benih rasa budaya luhur yang selalu siap memberontak

Lihatlah awan mulai menipis
Itulah.. nenek moyangmu sedang menangis
Dilihatnya budaya luar yang masuk dengan beringis
mencuci otak rakyat tradisional sampai habis

Yang tertinggal hanyalah pusaka
Yang tertera hanyalah nama
Unik, apa itu Indonesia?
Bukan lagi hingga kini dan nanti
Menunggu generasi muda membangkitkan budaya yang telah mati